Programmable Array Logic (PAL)

Programmable array logic (PAL) architecture has a programmable AND array at the input and a fixed OR array at the output.

The programmable AND array of a PAL device is similar to that of a programmable logic array (PLA) device. … Read More

Basic Structure of a Programmable ROM (PROM)

The architecture of a programmable read only memory (PROM) allows the user to use the hardware in implementing an arbitrary combinational function of a given number of inputs. When utilized as a memory device, n inputs of the ROM (called … Read More

Choosing Between TTL & CMOS for Your Digital Logic Design

There are two families of logic devices called TTL and CMOS. For those who are new to these devices, TTL stands for transistor transistor logic devices and CMOS for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor devices. Bipolar junction transistors are the building blocks … Read More

Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL)

Transistor transistor logic (TTL) is a logic family implemented with bipolar process technology that combines or integrates NPN transistors, PN junction diodes and diffused resistors in a single monolithic structure to get the desired logic function. The NAND gate is … Read More

Programmable Logic Device (PLD)

Besides memory devices and microprocessors, logic devices make up one of the essential classes of devices utilized in digital computing systems. Memory devices like ROM & RAM are used for information storage such as software instructions of a program, … Read More

3 Categories of Digital Logic Families

Digital ICs are usually fabricated using either bipolar devices or MOS devices or a combination of the two. We can classify the logic families into the following categories based on whether they are manufactured using bipolar, MOS or a combination … Read More

Flip-Flops in Digital Circuits

Since digital data is usually stored in the form bits, digital memory devices such as the computer random access memory (RAM) requires a way for storing and switching between the two binary states. A flip-flop is a sequential logic device … Read More