Tag: Computer architecture
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Computer Memory Organization
A computer system uses memory elements for storing program instructions, data, and other information. From the perspective of the instruction set, a memory is an array of words, each identified by a unique address that indicates its location within the memory. In other words, each memory location is assigned a unique address that identifies a…
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The Intel 8085 Microprocessor
The 8085 Microprocessor is one of the most popular microprocessors. In this article we look at some of the basic features and pin-out configuration of this microprocessor. The block diagram of the 8085 microprocessor is shown below: 8085 Microprocessor Registers The 8085 microprocessor registers include an 8-bit accumulator, an 8-bit flag register (five 1-bit flags,…
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4 Types of Processor Architectures
Processor architecture can be classified as one of the following four architectures: Accumulator-Based Processor Architecture In the accumulator-based processor architecture, illustrated above, instructions begin and end in accumulators (Acc A and Acc B), which are specially designated registers. In a typical operation, one of the operands is found in the accumulator and the other is…
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Basic Architecture of a Microprocessor
The microprocessor is typically referred to as the central processing unit (CPU). It is the part of the processor system which processes the data, fetching instructions from memory, decoding them and executing them. The internal structure (architecture) – depends on the microprocessor concerned. The figure below illustrates a general architecture of a microprocessor: The following…
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How Special Function Registers (SFRs) are Mapped into Memory Space
There are two basic primary architectures used for mapping special function registers into memory space. In the first type of arrangement, I/O space and memory space are separated as illustrated in Figure 1.0. The I/O devices have a separate address space, which is accomplished by either an extra I/O pin on the CPU physical interface…